http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/ ... 1cysw.html
更新日期:2009/01/14 15:35
英國杜蘭大學研究發現，一天喝七杯以上的咖啡就容易產生幻覺，以為自己見到了鬼。
杜蘭大學這項研究發現，年輕男女一天喝超過七杯的咖啡，產生幻覺的情形是一天喝一杯咖啡的人的三倍。因此，他們也比較容易以為自己聽到或是看到一些不存在的物品。
研究人員研判，產生幻覺是因為咖啡因提高了可體松這種壓力荷爾蒙的量
杜蘭大學的調查也發現，一般的即溶咖啡，一杯含有四十五毫克的咖啡因。而自己在家煮的咖啡咖啡因的量是即溶咖啡的兩倍。而外面連鎖咖啡店賣的咖啡，咖啡因含量更是驚人，一杯有一九十毫克，是即溶咖啡的四倍多。
調查人員詢問了兩百多名接受測試的人，結果發現，咖啡喝得越多的人，越常活見鬼。
酗咖啡 容易活見鬼
版主: 版主021
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TC
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Re: 酗咖啡 容易活見鬼
我發現喝咖啡好像會改變性格. 有時候喝了一杯好咖啡(我最喜歡美式無糖無奶咖啡, 味道越嗆越好), 會讓我覺得世界真美好, 病人好可愛, 覺得自己簡直像是個好醫生...但忽然又覺得 : 這樣好像太假了, 不過那種感覺不是假出來的, 是一種真正的感覺. 但有時喝了卻又會心悸傷胃等等, 可能要選擇喝的時候吧.
活見鬼倒不會, 但最近有一種感覺, 好像從小到大的種種事情像是沒有時間順序似的, 活生生地不時重新搬演著... 以前以為那些都是小事, 以後我永遠都不會再想起的, 但不然, 那些記憶似乎成了我的一部份. 不過這不是喝咖啡的作用吧! 應該是人到中年的一種感覺吧!
活見鬼倒不會, 但最近有一種感覺, 好像從小到大的種種事情像是沒有時間順序似的, 活生生地不時重新搬演著... 以前以為那些都是小事, 以後我永遠都不會再想起的, 但不然, 那些記憶似乎成了我的一部份. 不過這不是喝咖啡的作用吧! 應該是人到中年的一種感覺吧!
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Sawa
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blind faith
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Re: 酗咖啡 容易活見鬼
'Visions link' to coffee intake ( from BBC news)
People who drank more than seven cups of instant coffee a day were three times more likely to hallucinate than those who took just one, a study found.
A Durham University team questioned 200 students about their caffeine intake, the journal Personality and Individual Differences reported.
However, academics say the findings do not prove a "causal link".
They also stress that experiencing hallucinations is not a definite sign of mental illness and that about 3% of people regularly hear voices.
"This is the first step toward looking at the wider factors associated with hallucinations," said psychology PhD student Simon Jones, who led the study.
Under stress
He said previous research had suggested factors such as childhood trauma could be linked to hallucinations.
When under stress, the body releases a hormone called cortisol which is produced in greater quantities after consuming caffeine.
The extra cortisol boost could be what causes a person to hallucinate.
Therefore, Mr James added, it made sense to examine the link between caffeine and mood.
Besides coffee, sources such as tea, chocolate, "pep" pills and energy drinks contain caffeine.
After asking the students about their typical intake, the research team assessed their susceptibility to hallucinatory experiences and stress levels.
Pregnancy problems
Among the experiences reported were seeing things that were not there, hearing voices, and sensing the presence of dead people.
However, Mr James stressed more work was needed to pin down the link.
He said: "Stressed people may simply drink more caffeine."
And he added: "Even if caffeine were responsible for hallucinations in some way, the part it plays would be small compared to other factors in life."
The researchers now plan to investigate whether other aspects of diet, such as sugar and fat consumption, might be associated with hallucinations.
Dr Euan Paul, of the British Coffee Association, stressed the study only focused on people with a very high caffeine intake.
He also said no details were recorded of other substances consumed that might have had hallucinogenic effects.
"There are literally thousands of well conducted published studies looking at all aspects of the coffee, caffeine and health debate and the overall conclusion clearly demonstrates that moderate caffeine intake, 400-500mg per day, is safe for the general population and may even confer health benefits."
Recent research has linked high caffeine intake among pregnant women to miscarriage or low birth weight.
Other studies suggested it could help prevent skin cancer, reduce nerve damage associated with multiple sclerosis, or cause problems for diabetes sufferers.
-------------------------------------
原文 ABSTRACT
In diathesis–stress models of psychosis, cortisol released in response to stressors is proposed to play a role in the development of psychotic experiences. Individual differences in cortisol response to stressors are therefore likely to play a role in proneness to psychotic experiences. As caffeine has been found to increase cortisol response to a given stressor, we proposed that, when levels of stress were controlled for, caffeine intake would be related to hallucination-proneness and persecutory ideation. Caffeine intake, stress, hallucination-proneness and persecutory ideation were assessed by self-report questionnaires in a non-clinical sample (N = 219). Caffeine intake was positively related to stress levels and hallucination-proneness, but not persecutory ideation. When stress levels were controlled for, caffeine intake predicted levels of hallucination-proneness but not persecutory ideation. Implications of these findings are discussed and avenues for future research suggested.
--------------------------------------------------------------
看來是台灣的記者段章取義的翻譯. hallucination = 見鬼?
有較高的cortisol release, 比較可能會 hallucination
喝比較多 coffee 會有較高 cortisol boost, 較易 hallucination.
但是, 壓力較高的人 (cortisol 也會較高) , 同時也喝比較多咖啡.
他們也調控 "壓力" 這個因子, 雖然咖啡量多少看出 hallucination有差異,
但是以問卷方式的評估壓力大小,個別差異會不會太大?
加上抗壓方式各有不同, 如何考慮眾多因子會不會相互影響?
(比方這些人同時可能也愛吃甜食, 所以搞不好hallucination 跟sugar 攝取量也相關?)
幾個問題:
cortisol level 高一定跟 hallucination 相關?
如何排除 "壓力大的人喝比較多咖啡" 這個 factor?
壓力高的人是否除了喝咖啡外, 也喜歡"做某些事",而這些事才是 hallucination 的原因. 這些因素是可能未被注意, 或無法解釋, 以至於沒有在文章中呈現 ??
這種 "correlation study" 的缺點在此.
兩者相關性是何種程度 relevent? mechanism? 可用其它 model 或 設計prospective, randomised trial 來證實???
People who drank more than seven cups of instant coffee a day were three times more likely to hallucinate than those who took just one, a study found.
A Durham University team questioned 200 students about their caffeine intake, the journal Personality and Individual Differences reported.
However, academics say the findings do not prove a "causal link".
They also stress that experiencing hallucinations is not a definite sign of mental illness and that about 3% of people regularly hear voices.
"This is the first step toward looking at the wider factors associated with hallucinations," said psychology PhD student Simon Jones, who led the study.
Under stress
He said previous research had suggested factors such as childhood trauma could be linked to hallucinations.
When under stress, the body releases a hormone called cortisol which is produced in greater quantities after consuming caffeine.
The extra cortisol boost could be what causes a person to hallucinate.
Therefore, Mr James added, it made sense to examine the link between caffeine and mood.
Besides coffee, sources such as tea, chocolate, "pep" pills and energy drinks contain caffeine.
After asking the students about their typical intake, the research team assessed their susceptibility to hallucinatory experiences and stress levels.
Pregnancy problems
Among the experiences reported were seeing things that were not there, hearing voices, and sensing the presence of dead people.
However, Mr James stressed more work was needed to pin down the link.
He said: "Stressed people may simply drink more caffeine."
And he added: "Even if caffeine were responsible for hallucinations in some way, the part it plays would be small compared to other factors in life."
The researchers now plan to investigate whether other aspects of diet, such as sugar and fat consumption, might be associated with hallucinations.
Dr Euan Paul, of the British Coffee Association, stressed the study only focused on people with a very high caffeine intake.
He also said no details were recorded of other substances consumed that might have had hallucinogenic effects.
"There are literally thousands of well conducted published studies looking at all aspects of the coffee, caffeine and health debate and the overall conclusion clearly demonstrates that moderate caffeine intake, 400-500mg per day, is safe for the general population and may even confer health benefits."
Recent research has linked high caffeine intake among pregnant women to miscarriage or low birth weight.
Other studies suggested it could help prevent skin cancer, reduce nerve damage associated with multiple sclerosis, or cause problems for diabetes sufferers.
-------------------------------------
原文 ABSTRACT
In diathesis–stress models of psychosis, cortisol released in response to stressors is proposed to play a role in the development of psychotic experiences. Individual differences in cortisol response to stressors are therefore likely to play a role in proneness to psychotic experiences. As caffeine has been found to increase cortisol response to a given stressor, we proposed that, when levels of stress were controlled for, caffeine intake would be related to hallucination-proneness and persecutory ideation. Caffeine intake, stress, hallucination-proneness and persecutory ideation were assessed by self-report questionnaires in a non-clinical sample (N = 219). Caffeine intake was positively related to stress levels and hallucination-proneness, but not persecutory ideation. When stress levels were controlled for, caffeine intake predicted levels of hallucination-proneness but not persecutory ideation. Implications of these findings are discussed and avenues for future research suggested.
--------------------------------------------------------------
看來是台灣的記者段章取義的翻譯. hallucination = 見鬼?
有較高的cortisol release, 比較可能會 hallucination
喝比較多 coffee 會有較高 cortisol boost, 較易 hallucination.
但是, 壓力較高的人 (cortisol 也會較高) , 同時也喝比較多咖啡.
他們也調控 "壓力" 這個因子, 雖然咖啡量多少看出 hallucination有差異,
但是以問卷方式的評估壓力大小,個別差異會不會太大?
加上抗壓方式各有不同, 如何考慮眾多因子會不會相互影響?
(比方這些人同時可能也愛吃甜食, 所以搞不好hallucination 跟sugar 攝取量也相關?)
幾個問題:
cortisol level 高一定跟 hallucination 相關?
如何排除 "壓力大的人喝比較多咖啡" 這個 factor?
壓力高的人是否除了喝咖啡外, 也喜歡"做某些事",而這些事才是 hallucination 的原因. 這些因素是可能未被注意, 或無法解釋, 以至於沒有在文章中呈現 ??
這種 "correlation study" 的缺點在此.
兩者相關性是何種程度 relevent? mechanism? 可用其它 model 或 設計prospective, randomised trial 來證實???
'We are all just prisoners here of our own device'
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歌劇迷
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Re: 酗咖啡 容易活見鬼
喝咖啡，是否有助幻覺產生？至少，我還沒有這樣的經驗。
往昔在讀英國文學的時候，讀過Thomas DeQuincey的'Confessions of an Opium-Eater'，也許可以當成此欄一個有趣的註腳：
Confessions of an Opium-Eater
PS： 對一個創作者來說，活見鬼，有時侯是靈感湧現的重要時刻。超現實主義者追求的自動寫作automatic writing，也可算是一種活見鬼寫作吧？！
往昔在讀英國文學的時候，讀過Thomas DeQuincey的'Confessions of an Opium-Eater'，也許可以當成此欄一個有趣的註腳：
Confessions of an Opium-Eater
PS： 對一個創作者來說，活見鬼，有時侯是靈感湧現的重要時刻。超現實主義者追求的自動寫作automatic writing，也可算是一種活見鬼寫作吧？！
"No one can make you feel inferior without your consent."--Eleanor Roosevelt
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growthcamp
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desktop
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li234567
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緞帶肥肥
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Re: 酗咖啡 容易活見鬼
雖然我愛聽鬼故事，愛看恐怖片，但是我絕對絕對一點兒都不期待可以看到阿飄。 (怕怕)
「七杯即溶咖啡」的門檻很低，還是有點擔心，可惜這篇PubMed搜不到的原文沒錢不給看
反而意外發現外電報導很多都「見鬼了」。
Drink coffee, see dead people
http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/s ... public_rss
Do you see dead people? Check your caffeine intake
http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/s ... hub=Health
Coffee 'wakes the dead'
http://www.nhs.uk/news/2009/01January/P ... hosts.aspx
整個實驗介紹的還算詳細
The questionnaire on caffeine intake used a tool known as the Durham Caffeine Inventory, which presents caffeine-containing food and drinks and asks respondents to rate their typical intake over the past year on a 12-point scale from none to 8+ times per day. Set values of caffeine content were determined for each item, either from the FSA or sourced from the manufacturers.
The questionnaire also contained questions using the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale, which is a 16-item tool designed to measure predisposition to hallucinations on a 5-point scale from ‘certainly doesn’t apply to me’ to ‘certainly does apply’.
Persecutory ideas were assessed using the Persecutory Ideation 10-item Questionnaire (responses from ‘very untrue’ to ‘very true’). Stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress 30-item Questionnaire, which looked at several aspects of stress, tension and worry over the past year (responses ‘almost never’ to ‘usually’).
作者網頁
http://www.dur.ac.uk/s.r.jones/index.htm
可以花20mins做咖啡問卷 Caffeine, stress, and unusual experiences
我猜想作者的研究主幹應該是auditory verbal hallucinations(AVHs)，「咖啡」只是個過路客，只是想藉此挖掘看看是否有些什麼「東東」可從其相近的神經生理機轉嘗試解釋「幻覺」。
Coffee linked to hallucinations
http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style ... 34727.html
一時找不到詳盡的調查數據，起碼這些資料是我最想知道的
But as caffeine consumption increased, so did hallucinations. For instance, in the top 10 per cent of caffeine users averaging 330mg a day - seven cups of instant coffee or eight cups of tea - nine people had heard things when nobody was there. By contrast, among the 22 people in the bottom 10 per cent, only 3 people reported such hallucinations.
………………………………….
However, its authors Dr Charles Fernyhough and Simon Jones, pointed out it was not clear if the caffeine had caused the hallucinations. It was possible that people with such psychological disturbances had been drinking coffee to help them cope, they noted in the journal Personality and Individual Differences.
…………………………………
Caffeine is found in varying levels in a number of drinks, foods and some medicines. A medium cup of tea has 40mg, an instant cup of coffee 45mg, a Starbucks espresso drink 188mg and a Red Bull 80mg.
行政院衛生署建議，每人每日咖啡因攝取量以不超過300毫克為原則。英國食品標準機構(UK Food Standard Agency)對咖啡因攝取量之建議，每人每日咖啡因攝取量以不超過300毫克為原則。
consumer.doh.gov.tw/fdacif/upload/fdaciw/query/file/咖啡因.doc
花了一整天的感想：
1. 雖然外電報導也會用聳動標題，可能只是想要吸引讀者，內容敘述持平，同時還被迫吸收一些科學常識 (也有讀者評論是trash)。再回頭看看yahoo的報導這個初步的研究調查"Caffeine, stress, and proneness to psychosis-like experiences: A preliminary investigation."，內容簡短到有些過份，最後一句「咖啡喝得越多的人，越常活見鬼。」真是妄下定論，誤導讀者。記者專業應再加強。
2. 我還特別跑去便利商店看「即溶咖啡」外包裝，多數欠缺咖啡因標示，只有7-*出品的「摩卡咖啡」堪稱模範。
3. 花了一整天看這些有的沒的，我真的快瘋了。
「七杯即溶咖啡」的門檻很低，還是有點擔心，可惜這篇PubMed搜不到的原文沒錢不給看
反而意外發現外電報導很多都「見鬼了」。
Drink coffee, see dead people
http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/s ... public_rss
Do you see dead people? Check your caffeine intake
http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/s ... hub=Health
Coffee 'wakes the dead'
http://www.nhs.uk/news/2009/01January/P ... hosts.aspx
整個實驗介紹的還算詳細
The questionnaire on caffeine intake used a tool known as the Durham Caffeine Inventory, which presents caffeine-containing food and drinks and asks respondents to rate their typical intake over the past year on a 12-point scale from none to 8+ times per day. Set values of caffeine content were determined for each item, either from the FSA or sourced from the manufacturers.
The questionnaire also contained questions using the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale, which is a 16-item tool designed to measure predisposition to hallucinations on a 5-point scale from ‘certainly doesn’t apply to me’ to ‘certainly does apply’.
Persecutory ideas were assessed using the Persecutory Ideation 10-item Questionnaire (responses from ‘very untrue’ to ‘very true’). Stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress 30-item Questionnaire, which looked at several aspects of stress, tension and worry over the past year (responses ‘almost never’ to ‘usually’).
作者網頁
http://www.dur.ac.uk/s.r.jones/index.htm
可以花20mins做咖啡問卷 Caffeine, stress, and unusual experiences
我猜想作者的研究主幹應該是auditory verbal hallucinations(AVHs)，「咖啡」只是個過路客，只是想藉此挖掘看看是否有些什麼「東東」可從其相近的神經生理機轉嘗試解釋「幻覺」。
Coffee linked to hallucinations
http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style ... 34727.html
一時找不到詳盡的調查數據，起碼這些資料是我最想知道的
But as caffeine consumption increased, so did hallucinations. For instance, in the top 10 per cent of caffeine users averaging 330mg a day - seven cups of instant coffee or eight cups of tea - nine people had heard things when nobody was there. By contrast, among the 22 people in the bottom 10 per cent, only 3 people reported such hallucinations.
………………………………….
However, its authors Dr Charles Fernyhough and Simon Jones, pointed out it was not clear if the caffeine had caused the hallucinations. It was possible that people with such psychological disturbances had been drinking coffee to help them cope, they noted in the journal Personality and Individual Differences.
…………………………………
Caffeine is found in varying levels in a number of drinks, foods and some medicines. A medium cup of tea has 40mg, an instant cup of coffee 45mg, a Starbucks espresso drink 188mg and a Red Bull 80mg.
行政院衛生署建議，每人每日咖啡因攝取量以不超過300毫克為原則。英國食品標準機構(UK Food Standard Agency)對咖啡因攝取量之建議，每人每日咖啡因攝取量以不超過300毫克為原則。
consumer.doh.gov.tw/fdacif/upload/fdaciw/query/file/咖啡因.doc
花了一整天的感想：
1. 雖然外電報導也會用聳動標題，可能只是想要吸引讀者，內容敘述持平，同時還被迫吸收一些科學常識 (也有讀者評論是trash)。再回頭看看yahoo的報導這個初步的研究調查"Caffeine, stress, and proneness to psychosis-like experiences: A preliminary investigation."，內容簡短到有些過份，最後一句「咖啡喝得越多的人，越常活見鬼。」真是妄下定論，誤導讀者。記者專業應再加強。
2. 我還特別跑去便利商店看「即溶咖啡」外包裝，多數欠缺咖啡因標示，只有7-*出品的「摩卡咖啡」堪稱模範。
3. 花了一整天看這些有的沒的，我真的快瘋了。
上完廁所要洗手
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albarto1688
- V2
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阿偉
- CR
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Re: 酗咖啡 容易活見鬼
咖啡因攝取多了
的確有可能比較亢奮
而產生多疑 錯覺等 hypervigilence現象
已經好久沒喝咖啡了
不是怕幻覺 而是一喝就胃痛
總不能咖啡配tagamet一起使用吧
（阿飄） （無盡漩渦）
的確有可能比較亢奮
而產生多疑 錯覺等 hypervigilence現象
已經好久沒喝咖啡了
不是怕幻覺 而是一喝就胃痛
總不能咖啡配tagamet一起使用吧
（阿飄） （無盡漩渦）
-
li234567
- 註冊會員
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Re: 酗咖啡 容易活見鬼
胃痛.....>coffee+milk阿偉:
咖啡因攝取多了
的確有可能比較亢奮
而產生多疑 錯覺等 hypervigilence現象
已經好久沒喝咖啡了
不是怕幻覺 而是一喝就胃痛
總不能咖啡配tagamet一起使用吧
Re: 酗咖啡 容易活見鬼
原來有人在叫我growthcamp 寫:咖大怎麼還沒出來回答???
本來看到這種帖子不想進來
想想
不進來
可能會像MK一樣
躺著也會中槍
果然有人在呼叫
一般人在喝到覺得見鬼之前的量時
大概已經因為頭暈、心悸就不想再喝了
所以這樣的文章
看看就好
不用太鑽牛角尖
（無盡漩渦）
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GARDENER
- V2
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Re: 酗咖啡 容易活見鬼
昨夜吹頭髮時, 眼角餘光瞄到一隻老鼠從腳邊竄過...
Hallucination! 這一定素 hallucination...
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